PepsiCo Buyer Behaviour Analysis

PepsiCo Buyer Behaviour Analysis Buyer Behavior for Consumer Market Introduction In the summer of 1898, In New Bern, North Carolina, a young pharmacist named Caleb Bradham began experimenting with combinations of spices, juices and syrup trying to create refreshing new drinks to serve his customers. He succeeded beyond expectations by inventing new beverages know as Pepsi-Cola. Nowadays, Pepsi is a well known soft drink in all over the world. From its humble beginnings over a century ago, Pepsi-Cola has grown to become one of the best-known, most-loved products throughout the world. And the company behind it PepsiCo has grown as well, standing today as the premier marketer of refreshment beverages, juices and snack foods. They have consumer in over 200 countries in the whole world. The company offers more than 500 beverages and snack that appeal to every age of consumer age group and demographic category. Today, PepsiCo is a $29 billion company, employing more than 150,000 people speaking more than 40 languages around the globe. The company is consistently recognized for its corporate citizenship, philanthropic efforts and diversity programs. It is the worlds fourth-largest food and beverage company and is staking its claim as the global leader in convenience foods and beverages. PepsiCo has a strong plan to continue to expand with an enormous lineup of convenience foods and drinks that provide great taste, nutrition and fun around the clock. Here is the list of Pepsi Co brands and products. Mirinda, 7UP (International), Pepsi Limà ³n, Kas, Teem, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Light, Starbucks Doubleshot (Partnership), Starbucks Doubleshot, Energy (Partnership) Starbucks Iced Coffee (Partnership), Tropicana Twister, and Mountain Dew. Model of Consumer Behavior Consumer makes many buying decision every day. Many large companies do some research about consumer buying decision in great detail to answer questions what will customer buy, where they buy, how much they, when they buy and why they will buy those product. According to Principles of Marketing, Kotler (2008) Consumer Buyer Behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumer which are individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumptions. The entire final consumer combines to make a consumer market. Many big companies did a lot of marketing effort to attract the consumer to buy their product. For example, Pepsi Company. The company did a lot of marketing effort to attract the consumer such as advertising, survey, promotion and apply the 4 Ps to make the consumer aware about their product. The question here is, how did the consumer respond to the various marketing effort that Pepsi company use? Model of buyer behavior consist of Marketing and other stimuli, Buyers black box and Buyer Responses. Marketing and other stimuli will enter the consumers black box and produce certain responses. So marketers need to figure out what is in the buyers black box. Marketing stimuli consist of the Four Ps which are Product, Price, Place and Promotions. Other stimuli included major forces and events in the buyers environment such as economic, technological, political and cultural. All the inputs will enter the buyers black box, where they are turned into a set of observable buyer responses. Under buyer responses there are product choice, brand choice, dealer choice, purchase timing and purchase amount. Consumers do not make their decisions in a void. Their purchases are highly influenced by cultural social, personal, and psychological factors. Here some of that influence the behavior or the particular market: Cultural Factor Cultural factor divided into three sub factors Culture, Sub Culture, Social Class. Culture is the set of basic values perceptions, wants, and behaviors learned by a member of society from family and other important institutions. Culture is the most basic cause of a persons wants and behavior. Every group or society has a culture, and cultural influences on buying behavior may vary greatly from country to country. Based on the case study, we are doing a Pepsi brands in Malaysia. Malaysia has many races of people such as Malay, Chinese, Indian and many more. Now days many people choose to drink Pepsi because it is Halal and did not contain any alcohol. It is because most culture in Malaysia did not allowed them to drink alcohol. So for teenager of adult who cannot drink an alcohol drink, they can choose to drink Pepsi. Other than that, now day culture in Malaysia more shift towards greater concern about health and fitness. This had brought a lot of huge industry for health fitness services, more natural foods and variety of diets. So for Pepsi company which serve soft drinks, they had come with a new products known as Pepsi Max which has less sugar and gas to fulfill the new culture of Malaysian people. Sub Culture is a group of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations. Each culture contains smaller sub cultures a group of people with shared value system based on common life experiences and situations. Sub culture includes nationalities, religions, racial group and geographic regions. Many sub culture make up important market segments and marketers often design products. For Pepsi company, sub culture is very important in influencing the consumer to buy their products. They need to target consumer based on their nationalities, religions, racial group and geographic regions. For nationalities, Pepsi must aware about any country that did not allowed their people to take soft drinks. For example, India. They had once ban Pepsi in their country because of the sugar contain in Pepsi. According to Marketing, Kotler (2008), Many subcultures make up important market segments, and marketers often design products and marketing programs tailored to their needs. Pepsi should not make an advertisement which can touch the sensitiveness of any religions, nationalities and others. Social Class Almost every society has some form of social structure, social classes are societys relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose members share similar values, interests and behavior. Social class did not determined by a single factors such as incomes, but it measured as a combination of occupation, income, education, wealth, and other variables. Marketers are interested in social class because people within given social class tend to exhibit similar buying behavior. Social Factors A consumers behavior also is influenced by social factors, such as the Groups, Family, Roles and status. Groups are two or more people who interact to accomplish individual or mutual goals. A persons behaviors are influenced by many small groups. Groups that have a direct influence and to which a person belongs are called membership groups. Some are primary groups includes family, friends, neighbours and coworkers. Some are secondary groups, which are more formal and have less regular interaction. These include organizations like religious groups, professional association and trade unions. For groups, it is much easier for Pepsi to attract them to buy their products. Because a single member of the groups can influences almost all the group member to follow them. For example, a leader in one group can influenced the members to buy Pepsi as part of the group activities. Family members can strongly influence buyer behavior. The family is the most important consumer buying organization society and it has been researched extensively. Marketers are interested in the roles, and influence of the husband, wife and children on the purchase of different products and services. In this social class, Pepsi need to target the children because they are the people who will consume more Pepsi. But of cause they will ask their parents to buy the products. So Parents is the customer and Children is the consumer. Roles and Status is a person belongs to many groups, family, clubs, organizations. The persons position in each group can be defined in terms of both role and status. For example, Mdm Airis plays the role of Mother, in her family she plays the role of wife, and in her company, she plays the role of manager. A Role consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to the persons around them. Personal Factors Personal factors consists of Age and life cycle stage, Occupation, Economic situation, Life Style, and Personality and self concept. Age and Life cycle Stage is People changes the goods and services they buy over their lifetimes. Tastes in food, clothes, furniture, and recreation are often age related. Buying is also shaped by the stage of the family life cycle. Here Pepsi cannot target the all age of people to buy their products. They should target consumer from children, to teenagers and finally the adults. Because nowdays many people concern about their health. So they will try to avoid any soft drinks that have a lot of sugar and gas. This will affect their health. Occupation is a persons occupation affects the goods and services bought. Blue collar workers tend to buy more rugged work clothes, whereas white-collar workers buy more business suits. A Company can even specialize in making products needed by a given occupational group. Thus, computer software companies will design different products for brand managers, accountants, engineers, lawyers, and doctors. From here we can conclude that only working people can purchase Pepsi products. But not every one of them will purchase Pepsi. So Pepsi need to find a thing or a person to influence them. For example, advertisement is the best tools to influence them or for parents, children are their best factors to influence them to buy Pepsi products. Economic situation is a persons economic situation will affect product choice. Life Style is a persons Pattern of living, understanding these forces involves measuring consumers major AIO dimensions. For example, activities such as Work, hobbies, shopping, support. Other than that interest, Food, fashion, family recreation and opinions about themselves, Business, Products Personality and Self concept each persons distinct personality influence his or her buying behavior. Personality refers to the unique psychological characteristics that lead to relatively consistent and lasting responses to ones own environment. Psychological Factors Psychological factors consist of Motivation, Perception, Learning, Beliefs and attitudes Motivation. Motive drives a need that is sufficiently pressing to direct the person to seek satisfaction of the need. Perception, The process by which people select, Organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world. Learning is Changes in an individuals behavior arising from experience. Beliefs and attitudes. Belief is a descriptive thought that a person holds about something Attitude, a Persons consistently favorable or unfavorable evaluations, feelings, and tendencies towards an object or idea. Marketing Research Technique INTRODUCTION According to Malhotra (1996), Market Research can be defined as a key element within the total field of marketing information. Its links the consumer, customer and public to the market through information which is to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems generate, refine and evaluate marketing actions while improved the understanding of marketing as a process and of the ways in which specific marketing activities can be made more effective. This is for the reason that its always incorporates some form of the data collection whether it is secondary research (often referred to as desk research) or primary research which is collected direct from a respondent. While based on the case study we know that Pepsi Co is one of the most famous company that produce soft drink and some other product. Subsequently to get the information about Pepsi Co we need to do the market research so that we will know how far the customer or consumer is satisfied with the Pepsi product as well. This is because without the market research they might be tough for Pepsi Co to know about the level of satisfaction of their customer towards their product that has been produce by them. Consequently to get the work become more efficient we will follow the step on market research which is the first step is we will apply the web site method to get the first condition and perception about the Pepsi Co. This is because through the web site method we will get extra information such as the impression, background, financial and so on about the Pepsi Co. Next we will make some preparation on preparing the questionnaire about Pepsi Co which is in the questionnaire include some of the question about how society get know about the Pepsi Co and how much they spend to buy Pepsi product. On top of that the 20 sheet of questionnaire has been distributed towards the people around the Kuala Lumpur Convention Center (KLCC) which is the trendiest place that all people knew bout it. The data analysis will analyze by 20 people around there with the different age and occupation. Finally the data that has been collected will be prepared and presented in the best way. Primary data collection can be considered as one of the extra sources because is needed when a researcher cannot find the data needed in secondary sources. Market researchers are interested in primary data about demographic, socioeconomic, characteristics, attitudes or opinions or interests, awareness or knowledge, intentions, motivation, and behavior. Three basic means of obtain by primary data are observation, surveys, and experiments. The choice will be influenced by the nature of the problem and by the availability of time and money. SURVEY According to Business Dictionary.com (2009), Survey can be defined as the collection of data from a given population for the reason of analysis of a particular issue. Data that frequently collected from a sample of a population, knows as a sample of survey. As we already informed surveys is one of the ways that are used widely in research, especially in market research to find some information or any feedback from others towards some product. Besides that there have 4 types of survey which is include personal interview, self-administrated surveys, telephone interviews and direct observation. In order to collect the information of Pepsi Co we were applying 2 types of survey which is personal interview and self administrated surveys which are made by us as well. Personal Interview According to Business Dictionary.com (2009), Personal Interview can be defined as a market research technique for gathering information through face-to-face while contact with individuals. Personal interviews take place in a variety of place like settings-in homes, at shopping malls, in a business office and so forth. One of the personal interviews is face-to face interviews which is this interview are conducted between a market researcher and a respondent. Then the data is collected on a survey. Some surveys are very rigid or structured and use closed questions. So that the data is easy to compared with others. Further about face-to-face interviews is more in strength, and depend upon more open forms of questioning. The research will investigate and develop points of interest. While based on the case study, we were takes place in KLCC to do the research up about the Pepsi Co which is the trendiest area in the Kuala Lumpur. We chose this place because on a daily basis there is more people visit that place and most of them are from people around the Malaysia. Consequently we use the face to face interview because easy to get feedback from them and we can get the information on the spot. On top of that Pepsi Co can get directly more explanation from them because they can through out what they felt about the product that has been produced by Pepsi Co. Self-Administrated Surveys A self-administrated survey is one in which the respondent completes the survey on his or her. While as we know Questionnaires are usually printed on paper, but they might be in other ways like programmed into computer and places on the internet and ask for the respond. However, Self-administrated questionnaires present a challenge to the marketing researcher because they really on the efficiency of the written word rather than the skills of the interviewer. Self-administrated surveys are attractive because they are low in cost, and they avoid interviewer evaluation apprehension or worry. While based on the case study, when we do the survey about Pepsi Co we would just used pen and a paper to make the survey complete. Instead of that the people that has been ask for complete the survey questionnaire will directly respond on the questionnaire. Consequently we can get the result of the information directly of the questionnaire which is has been complete by the respondent. Telephone Interviews Telephone interviews also can be consider as one of the techniques that can be done to make our survey complete which is telephone interviews is also one of the key under the survey method. Telephone interview can be defined as an interview that gathers information through telephone contact with individuals. This means that the interviewers will call their respondent to get the feedback or respond from their customers. As a result the information that gathers would help us as well to make changes towards our product that has been survey. Direct Mail While surveys also can be made by using the direct mail which is the interviewers will send the questionnaire through the email so that the respondent can give the feedback form there using the mail responded .Example like company A which is the interviewer and in order to evaluate their performance towards society they will try to make and Direct mail interview which is they will send some question that will be in questionnaire and may be might ask about their company services that has been provided to society and they will sent the questionnaire to Company B which the interviewee. On this cases the company will receive the questionnaire form in direct mail from the Company B. So as the respondent Company B will return the answer also in mail form which is they will send back to Company A Through this method its give lots of pros towards the company which is can save cost in order to prepared the questionnaire because through the direct mail its the company can save cost OBSERVATION The market research technique is not just only based on the survey method, this is because Observation also one of the method that can be used to collect the information on the level of satisfaction towards Pepsi product. Observation can be easily defined as the systematic process of recording the behavioral patterns of people, object and occurrences without questioning or otherwise communicating with them. Observations can be divide into two types which is having as human observation and mechanical observation. As a Marketing Research officer for Pepsi Co we were use both types of observation to know what behavior of people or society towards the Pepsi Product. Observation as a methodical process of recording the behavioral patterns of people, objects and event without questioning or else communicating with them. Observation can be divides into two types which are as the chart show above two types of observation is Human observation and Mechanical observation which is can be implementing by Pepsi Co in order to observe their customers. Human Observation Human observation can be defined as self explanatory, using human observers to collect data in the study. We can do the observation by human observation. It means that we use human as the observers which is we can just look and interpret what they do, what feeling are they, or else from their body languages. We can know what their feel now such as happy, enjoy, bored and so forth towards the product of Pepsi. Other than that through the human observation the best technique that can be implement by the Pepsi Co to evaluate their customer feelings is through facial reaction of the customer which is can be in their smiles, raised eyebrows an head nods as well. As a result we can automatically analyze how the customer sense towards the product of the Pepsi. Besides that Pepsi Co also can used the direct observation in order to observe the customer of their product. Which is they can straightly observe the customer behavior towards the Pepsi product Mechanical Observation Mechanical observation involves using various types of machines in order to gather the information, data, which is then interpreted by researchers. On a daily basis we are already know that with the continuing improvements in technology, there are lots of mechanical ways that can be used in order to capturing data in observation studies however, these new gadgets tend to be extremely expensive. The most commonly used and least expensive means of mechanically gathering data in an observation study is a video camera. A video camera offers a much more precise means of collecting data than what can simply be recorded by a human observer. Based on the case study we know that in order to observe the customer we can implement the other ways which is like Mechanical Observation as a Marketing Research Officer we try to look forward on the ways of implementing the mechanical observation this is because they will make our work become more easily with the observation for employees or customers of the Pepsi Co. Otherwise Pepsi Co can used the CCTV which is to get the information without knowing by other people. Example that can be stated at here is like Pepsi Company in order to observe their employees in all departments like marketing department, chemical department which is this entire department were play and important role while producing and made the product Pepsi. Consequently we can see the action that shows by them is humble, lazy, and friendly and so forth. Indirectly, Pepsi Co can manage or take an action towards the employee which is not performing effective and efficient towards their work. Other than that we also can used the Video in order to observe the behavioral of the customer while the purchase the Pepsi product and we can see how they felt either satisfy or not which the number of purchase. Conclusion While based on my point of view the conclusion that can be made at here is survey is a type of research which is comparatively costly, because it requires a staff of interviewers, but it provides the best opportunity to obtain information through probing for clearer explanations. Consequently, we can know what people in KLCC feel about the Pepsi product. This is because the respondent can tell us what they feel. Ultimately, we can know either they satisfy or not about the performance of the Pepsi product or not. Besides that the personal style (tone of voice, rewording of a question) and biases of each interviewer can affect how the participants respond and how the responses are recorded. As a result, we can get information from our recorded such as from video recorded. While from mechanical observation, we must spend more time to get the information. At the same times, we cannot observe the feeling of people in this campus because we cannot ask then but just take their photo or vide o. On the whole, for us, survey is the best technique to use early on in the research process when the researcher is not yet sure which questions need to be asked, because new and better questions can come out of the dialogue. SWOT ANANLYSIS Introduction According to Businessdictionary.com (2009), secondary data is an existing primary data that was collected by someone else or for a purpose other that the current one. It depending on whether the data come from inside and outside the organization needing to research. In secondary data, it divided into two parts of sources such as internal and external secondary data. Internal secondary data are data that have been collected and exits inside the business firm or other organization. External secondary data is data from outside that firm. According to Business Dictionary.com (2009) SWOT is a tool that identifies the strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of an organization. Specifically, SWOT is a basic, straightforward model that assesses what an organization can and cannot do as well as its potential opportunities and threats. The method of SWOT analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and separate in into internal such as strengths and weaknesses and external issues such as opportunities and threats. Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines what may assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives, and what obstacles must be overcome or minimized to achieve desire result. Based on case study, to be comes a strong business strategy, Pepsi Co can used SWOT analysis that helped it become stronger competitor in other way Pepsi Co must identify which is their strength, weakness, opportunity and threat? SWOT Analysis of PEPSI Co The Pepsi Company is a leading manufacture, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, in the world. Pepsi has a strong brand name and brand portfolio. Business-week and Interbrain, a branding consultancy, recognize Pepsi as one the leading brand in their top 100 global brand ranking in 2006. The business week-interbrain value Pepsi $67,000 million in 2006. Pepsi ranks well ahead of its close competitor Coco-Cola which has a ranking of 22 having brand value $12,690 million the companys strong brand value facilitates customer recall and allows Pepsi to penetrate markets. On the other hand, the company is threatened by intense competition which could have an adverse impact on the company market share. Strengths Strong brands allow the company to introduce brand extension such as Pepsi max, Pepsi Cola, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Diet, Pepsi Light over the year; the company has made large investments in brand promotion. Consequently, Pepsi is one of the best recognized global brands. The companys strong brand value facilitates customer recall and allows Pepsi to penetrate new market and consolidate existing ones. Pepsi has been a complex part of world culture for a very long time and they take a good qualities control of their product by take important on qualities processes n also procedures to maintain their customer satisfaction. They have a unique product image and the products image is loaded with over-romanticizing and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart. The Pepsi image is displayed on T-shirts, hats and collectible memorabilia and many more. This extremely recognizable branding is one of Pepsis greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct business on a global scale while at the same time maintain a local approach. The bottling companies are locally owned and operated by independent business people who are authorized to sell product of the Pepsi Company. Because Cola does not have outright ownership of its bottling network, its main source of revenue is the sale of concentrate to its bottlers. Weaknesses Weaknesses for any business need to be both minimized and monitored in order to effectively achieve productive and efficiency in their business activities, Pepsi have no exception. Even though domestic business as well as many international market are thriving volumes in Latin America were up 12%, Pepsi has recently reported some decliners in unit case volumes in Indonesia and Thailand due to reduce consumer purchasing power. According to an article in Fortune magazine, in Japan, unit case sales fell 3% in the second quarter of 1998. Consequently we can determine the Pepsi Weakness which is can be improve and can be make sure that in future they will never happened again. Besides that, Pepsi on the other side has effects on the teeth which is an issue for health care. It also has got sugar by which continuous drinking of Pepsi may cause health problem. Being addicted to Pepsi also is a health problem, because drinking of Pepsi daily has an effect on your body after few years. Because its contain chemicals which could cause cancer, damage the nervous and reproductive system and reduce bone mineral density. Such negative publicity could adversely impact the companys brand image and the demand for Pepsi product. This could also have an adverse impact on the companys growth prospects in the international market Negative publicity The company received negative publicity during September 2006.The Company was accused by the Center for Science and Environment (CSE) of selling products containing pesticide residues that contained a hazardous pesticide residue. These pesticides included chemicals which could cause cancers, damage the nervous and reproductive systems and reduce bone mineral density. Such negative publicity could adversely impact the companys brand image and the demand for Pepsi products. This could also have an adverse impact on the companys growth prospects in the international markets. Opportunities Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting Pepsis competitive position. Pepsis brand name is known well throughout 94% of the world today. Its mean that the primary concern over the past few years has been to get this name brand to be even better known. Packaging changes have also affected sale and industry positioning, but in general, the public has tended not to be affected by new products. Pepsi bottling system also allows the company to take advantage of infinite growth opportunities around the world. This strategy gives Pepsi the opportunity to service a large geographic, diverse area. Pepsi is such an experienced powerful global company, which has a basic of a great fund. So it has the ability to place an idle sum of money to the promotion. We can see that the advertisement of Pepsi-Cola is so attractive. It also invited the top famous people to advertise for it. The advertisement is so elaborate and attractive so that Pepsi gained the special prize of the advertisement Granny. Threats Currently the threat of new viable competitors in the carbonated soft drink industry is not very substantial. The threat of substitutes however is a very real threat. The soft drink industry is very strong, but consumers are not necessarily married to it. Possible substitutes that continuously put pressure on both Pepsi and Coke include tea, coffee, juices, milk, and hot chocolate, even thought Coco-Cola and Pepsi control nearly 40% of the entire beverage market, the changing health-consciousness of the market could have a serious affect. Of course, both Coke and Pepsi have already diversified into these markets, allowing them to have further significant market shares and offset any losses incurred due to fluctuations in the market. Consumer buying power also represents a key threat in the industry. The rivalry between Pepsi and Coke has produce a very slow moving industry in which management must continuously respond to the changing attitudes and demands of their consumer or face losing market share to the competition. In addition, consumer can easily switch to other beverages with little cost or consequence. Intense competition Pepsi competes in the nonalcoholic beverages segmen

Finance Report ASOS ESSAY

With a rate much higher than the sis free rate of return (4%) investors are likely to invest in the company (risk Free Rate Of Return Definition I Investigated', 2003). Return on sales Return on sales (ROSS) stands at 8. 59% in 2008 and stays fairly consistent through to 2009. In 201 0 it increases marginally by 0. 68% to 9. 11%, however falls to 6. 30% by 2012. The target Return on sales is often around 10% dependent on the type of industry, so SASS falls below the target. However SASS have a high sales volume, which does not necessarily mean a low ROCK (France, 2013).The year preceding August 2013 they received 19,372 orders; a 43% increase on the previous year. (Sass ply. Results & reports, 2013) Gross Margin % The gross profit margin in 2008 showed a pleasing 46%; however between 2008-2011 there is a continuous downfall, with a decrease of 7. 23% over the 3 years. Although this increased by 12. 4% in 201 2, the 7. 23% fall in gross profit could potentially be catastrophic for a c ompany with low ROSS. However this could be due to a change in the price of raw materials or selling prices. (France, 201 3) Liquidity and gearing Sass' current ratio is always between 1. 5-1. 56:1. However they have not borrowed any money over the 5 year period, so carry a low risk to investors. Therefore even though they are not at the ideal ratio of , they have not borrowed any money; indicating they have good short-term financial strength (LetsLearnFinanceFinance in Simple Terms, 2011) Activity Debtor turnover began at 8 days in 2008, however made a vast improvement in 2009 falling to 2 days and then from 2010-2012 remained at 1 day. Creditor turnover days began at 68 days in 2012 which is fairly high, however this creased to 42 days in 2012.This suggests that SASS have good credit control and a low risk of bad debts as their debtor turnover is always at least 40 days less than their creditor days. (France, 201 3) Stock turnover has increased from 98 days to 121 days from 2008-2 012 and remains fairly consistent throughout. However due to the seasonal nature of the industry with fashions changing regularly, they should try to decrease their stock turnover days. Employee Ratios Sales per employee started at a commendable IEEE,477 and despite falling y EYE,801 between 2008-2012, increased to IEEE,835 by 2012.This totals El 27,358 increase in sales per employee over the 5 year period. Profit per employee remains consistent throughout, ranging between EYE,058-EYE,557; an exception being 2011 where it drops drastically to EYE,212. This correlates with the low profit margins and return on sales for the year. Growth ratios From 2008-2009 sales increased by 104% as they entered the market, most likely due to promotion. However the following year it dropped 69% and then increased a steady 1 1 % over the next two years.The operating profit was 100% after the first year and dropped dramatically to -22% in 2011 resulting in a loss. However this was recovered by 2012 wi th a 96% growth. To remain sustainable they must try and keep their growth rates consistent. Conclusion The company appears stable due to their good cash flow. They have a low risk to investors, with high potential returns. SASS have no gearing, which gives them the potential to expand in the future to remain competitive in such a tough industry. If they were to borrow this would also improve the company's current ratio.

Deforestation A Worldwide Epidemic - 1049 Words

Deforestation: A Worldwide Epidemic Raekwon J. Filmore Department of Biology Spring 2016 Photosynthesis is a key contributor to the survival of humans. Earth is an open system requiring the input energy to drive life processes. Photosynthesis uses light energy to produce chemical energy which is glucose. Photosynthesis deals with plant growth as well as being a source of energy and food. The four things needed for plant growth: energy in the form of solar radiation, carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, mineral nutrients and water (Kirk, 1994). In order for plants to be able to conduct photosynthesis plants need chloroplasts. Chloroplasts, green colored cells depending on the plant, are a plastid that contains chlorophyll and†¦show more content†¦Glycolysis breaks down the glucose that is going to be used into pyruvate. Pyruvate produced during glycolysis is transported from the cytosol to the mitochondria. The second stage of respiration is pyruvate processing which is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix. In pyruvate proce ssing, pyruvate is oxidized to form Acetyl CoA. The Acetyl CoA produced from the pyruvate processing enters the Kreps Cycle. In the Kreps Cycle, the Acetyl CoA is oxidized to form CO2. The final stage of respiration is The Electron Transport Chain. The byproducts that were produced from stages one three are oxidized and thus respiration occurs. The importance of photosynthesis and respiration go hand in hand. Photosynthesis is indeed critical for the survival of humans and plants, but the oxygen needed to start photosynthesis is depleting. This paper will elaborate on a major cause of the depletion of oxygen in the atmosphere and affecting people worldwide. Homo sapiens has a huge impact on photosynthesis and plants. Humans are continuing to develop and it is making it more difficult to compensate for everyone’s needs. The population is exponentially increasing and they need shelter. The only way to make room for more people is to cut down forests and use the wood and lumber to create shelter. The cutting down of trees is known as deforestation. Trees are not only cut down for shelter, but for also businesses. Areas that were once

Extended Metaphor in Literature

An extended metaphor is a common literary device used as a comparison between two, unlike things that are commonly used in descriptive prose or poetry. Sometimes, it is just a sentence or two, or sometimes it can be even longer, lasting a paragraph or more. This literary term is also known as a conceit or a mega-metaphor. An extended metaphor is sometimes confused with allegory. The various elements or  images  in an extended metaphor may fit together or complement one another in different ways. Allegory Versus Extended Metaphor Allegory is often described as an extended metaphor, but this description only works if extended refers to the linguistic expression while metaphor refers to the conceptual structure. For example, Peter Crisp, English professor for the Chinese University of Hong Kong, claims that Extended metaphor... is different from allegory because it contains language that relates directly to both the  source and target. Literary Construct Only Extended metaphors  are a literary construct as opposed to an ordinary-language  metaphor. Extended metaphors are used consciously and sustained throughout a text or discourse. Unlike ordinary-language metaphors, they are not a one-off use of a description usually made out of necessity to get a point across. According to some language experts, extended metaphors are the exclusive property of literary texts, although this is not conclusive because of the use of  sustained metaphors in advertising. Examples of Extended Metaphors The best way to understand the concept of an extended metaphor is to see it in use. Authors and poets from all over the world, from all genres, and many time periods, have used or likely will use an extended metaphor in one way or another. Dean Koontz, Seize the NightBobby Holloway says my imagination is a three-hundred-ring circus. Currently, I was in ring two hundred and ninety-nine, with elephants dancing and clowns cartwheeling and tigers leaping through rings of fire. The time had come to step back, leave the main tent, go buy some popcorn and a Coke, bliss out, cool down.Michael Chabon, The Yiddish Policemans UnionIt never takes longer than a few minutes, when they get together, for everyone to revert to the state of nature, like a party marooned by a shipwreck. That’s what a family is. Also the storm at sea, the ship, and the unknown shore. And the hats and the whiskey stills that you make out of bamboo and coconuts. And the fire that you light to keep away the beasts.Emily Dickinson, Hope Is the Thing With FeathersHope is the thing with feathersThat perches in the soul,And sings the tune—without the words,And never stops at all,And sweetest in the gale is heard;And sore must be the stormThat could abash the little birdThat kept so many warm.Ive heard it in the chillest land,And on the strangest sea;Yet, never, in extremity,It asked a crumb of me.Charles Dickens, The Mystery of Edwin DroodWhosoever has observed that sedate and clerical bird, the rook, may perhaps have noticed that when he wings his way homeward towards nightfall, in a sedate and clerical company, two rooks will suddenly detach themselves from the rest, will retrace their flight for some distance, and will there poise and linger; conveying to mere men the fancy that it is of some occult importance to the body politic, that this artful couple should pretend to have renounced connection with it.Similarly, service being over in the old Cathedral with the square tower, and the choir scuffling out again, and divers venerable persons of rook-like aspect dispersing, two of these latter retrace their steps, and walk together in the echoing Close.Henry James, The AmbassadorsUnless she hid herself altogether she could s how but as one of these, an illustration of his domiciled and indeed of his confirmed condition. And the consciousness of all this in her charming eyes was so clear and fine that as she thus publicly drew him into her boat she produced in him such a silent agitation as he was not to fail afterwards to denounce as pusillanimous. Ah dont be so charming to me!—for it makes us intimate, and after all what is between us when Ive been so tremendously on my guard and have seen you but half a dozen times? He recognized once more the perverse law that so inveterately governed his poor personal aspects: it would be exactly like the way things always turned out for him that he should affect Mrs. Pocock and Waymarsh as launched in a relation in which he had really never been launched at all. They were at this very moment—they could only be—attributing to him the full license of it, and all by the operation of her own tone with him; whereas his sole license had been to cling with intensity to the brink, not to dip so much as a toe into the flood. But the flicker of his fear on this occasion was not, as may be added, to repeat itself; it sprang up, for its moment, only to die down and then go out forever. To meet his fellow visitors invocation and, with Sarahs brilliant eyes on him, answer, was quite sufficiently to step into her boat. During the rest of the time her visit lasted he felt himself proceed to each of the proper offices, successively, for helping to keep the adventurous skiff afloat. It rocked beneath him, but he settled himself in his place. He took up an oar and, since he was to have the credit of pulling, pulled.Will Ferrell (Actor/Comedian), Commencement Address at Harvard University in 2003I graduated from the University of Life. All right? I received a degree from the School of Hard Knocks. And our colors were black and blue, baby. I had office hours with the Dean of Bloody Noses. All right? I borrowed my class notes from Professor Kn uckle Sandwich and his teaching assistant, Ms. Fat Lip Thon Nyun. That’s the kind of school I went to for real, okay?

Presidents Of The United States - 1684 Words

There have been forty-four Presidents of the United States and most people can only name a few. One of the lesser known presidents is known as John Quincy Adams who was President from March 4, 1825 to March 4, 1829. His fame may have been enriched by the fact that he was the first son of a president to become president. â€Å"Quincy† as he was called to avoid any confusion with his father John Adams, was one of the most qualified people to ever be elected into the White House. His six years (one term) in office saw both success and failure. John Quincy Adams as Secretary of State had quite a few successes, but also had several failures as President; however, his Presidency led to the most successful post-Presidency in the history of the United States. Quincy was the second eldest child in the Quincy household and was the oldest son of John and Abigail Adams, born on July 11, 1767 in Braintree, today known as Quincy, Massachusetts. When John Quincy Adams was a young man he seemed to spend most of his time accompanying his father everywhere he went, which included traveling overseas. Adams even accompanied his father through his mission through Europe for most of his teenage years. During the time Quincy was in Europe he had learned and become fluent in several different languages. He wasn’t around often enough to go to school but when he did he attended a school that was considered private, which was outside of Paris called the Latin School of Amsterdam, and Leyden University.Show MoreRelatedThe President Of The United States1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe president is the most important job in the United States. Not the ruler of the United States ,but have some power over the country. The president of the United States is a person who symbolize the country and leads the country by making decisions of what is the best thing to do. 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Advantages Disadvantages of Mobile Phones 2 Free Essays

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mobile Phones It is for a fact that having a mobile phone now a days is a sort of a necessity and it is an inevitable truth that mobile industry is taking everyone by a storm. From the very basic thing of making a call to texting, and now internet access for just a touch of your finger tips. Do you have one of these? or do you know somebody who enjoys having such stuff? I do have one of those too and I wont deny the fact that I enjoys using them. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages Disadvantages of Mobile Phones 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now So as one of the million subscriber of this technology I will share you some of the advantages and disadvantages I found, out of having a mobile phone. First here are some advantages of having it: †¢ It keeps you in constant contact with people you consider important. †¢ It also can help you seek help immediately during emergency cases. †¢ Furthermore, its a sense of being financially uplifted. †¢ Through mobile phones you can lessen your boredom,example listen to your favorite music and as well as watching movies through downloading. †¢ Besides this, mobile phones can take photos. †¢ Moreover, mobile phones also gives us easier access on the internet. †¢ You can also carry it anywhere. Finally, it has a lot of useful function like calendar, making notes, alarm clock, timer and calculator. No doubt, our mobile phones makes our life more convenient, but as the saying goes every technology has it’s equal negative side and mobile phones are not so especial to be exempted. Here are some disadvantages of having it: †¢ First and foremost, mobile phones are expensive! Nowadays ,we can’t find a mobile phone with a cheaper price. †¢ Additionally, people spend less time bonding with there family and friends. †¢ Next,people just contact through phone and became too lazy meeting outside. Mobile phones also disturb us on our works and studies. †¢ Other than that, people spend lots and lots of money buying the latest model. †¢ Furthermore, it effects our body because of radiation it produces. †¢ Apart from that, mobile phones are easily broken. †¢ Last but not least,mobile phone makes it easier to invade privacy. In the end, I hope you can weigh the advantages and the disadvantages I have mentioned to help you use your mobile phone in a responsible manner. We humans created mobile phones and it is all up to our control whether to used more carefully and properly or not. How to cite Advantages Disadvantages of Mobile Phones 2, Papers

Case Study 1 free essay sample

Topic: Critically evaluate the use of technology in healthcare and the challenges it presents in healthcare delivery. Offer specific examples or situations addressing technology’s contributions to improving the quality of health and healthcare; consider impact on healthcare costs and analyze trade-offs. Introduction The use of technology in healthcare and the delivery of this technology to healthcare present many challenges, technology contributes to improving the quality of healthcare but it does impact healthcare cost, however there are some trade-offs. â€Å"The term â€Å"medical technology† refers to procedures, equipment, and processes by which medical care is delivered. † (Goyen, Mathias. 2009) Some of the current challenges in healthcare are patient privacy and protection when using wireless technology, tracking patients and staff while in the healthcare environment, and transitioning medical records to electronic medical records to help reduce mistakes and improve patient safety. Technology does contribute to improving the quality of healthcare but it does impact healthcare cost, which has been one of the reasons why insurance premiums have been high. (Goyen, Mathias. 2009) Some of the trade-offs are the medical advancements that can be made with medical technology. (Thomas, RL. 2011) Medical technology can help improve both patient and user safety, reduce medical errors when documenting patient information or using equipment, and also helping with employee job satisfaction which will in turn help the keep the staff employed at the healthcare organization. â€Å"One might not readily associate technology with work force shortage issues; however, it is an area rich with the potential for effective technological solutions. † (Larsen, Marc G. 2012) These kinds of improvements can only be achieved if a healthcare organization decides to change the way they deliver care and the way that they operate. (Larsen, Marc G. 2012) Technology will help the medical staff become more productive and will decrease the amount of walking around that they have to do from patient to patient allowing the staff to multi-task, while checking in on all their patients. (Larsen, Marc G. 2012) Can keeping up medical technology bring valve to a healthcare organization? Wireless Technology and Security Privacy A lot of medical technology is moving towards wireless equipment, 85% if not more of the world has access to a wireless signal. (Pierce, N. 2012) Wireless technology is quickly growing everyday and it has changed the way that we deliver care in the health care system today. Technology in healthcare organizations is keeping IT departments along with Clinical Engineering departments more challenged and busier then ever, with the life span of this equipment also being shorter then even due to the quickly changing technology. Clinical engineering is responsible for making sure equipment is working and maintaining that equipment on a yearly bases if not more often. The IT department will be responsible with the setting up of the wireless network making sure it is secure. Both of these departments will have to continue to adapt with changing hardware and software until necessary standards are put in place to stabilize the life of wireless technology. (Pierce, N. 2012) When working with wireless technology maintaining privacy and security is always at the top of the hospital’s list. Protecting the patient’s information is very important when exposing this new wireless technology to a healthcare organization due to dangers like, hacking, identity theft, and viral attacks, which can all, be possible. Protecting patient’s information is necessary for a health care organization to maintain its integrity for both their services and their products. (Pierce, N. 2012) â€Å"The consolidation of multiple platforms made possible by wireless communication technology can enhance clinician and technician productivity, facilitate communication, save time, boost employee satisfaction by making jobs easier and, ultimately, increase retention. † (Larsen, Marc G. 2012) Electronic whiteboards in one of the well-known wireless technologies being used in hospitals to help locate patients test results, equipment and room status. (Larsen, Marc G. 2012) Wireless technology is at almost every healthcare organization from my experince, they are as advance as their budget will allow them to be. Radio Frequency Identification Radio frequency identification (RFID) can help track patients and record their readings, track equipment, and employee location in the hospital. (Larsen, Marc G. 2012) Radio frequency identification is a technology that captures data using electric or magnetic fields at radio frequencies. Depending on the type of radio frequency identification that is being used an individual can be tracked any where from 10 feet away to 300 feet away, this will allow for both patients and staff to be tracked and or monitored. The three main things radio frequency identification is used for is tracking, monitoring, and identification. This technology can also help improve speed of lab test and monitoring and logging of temperature for refrigerated storage. (McGrady, Elizabeth. 2012) This technology is capable of helping organizations decrease cost, but will require a big investment up front. A possible way that this can help save cost would be by tracking expensive equipment and most commonly used equipment and medication as well throughout the healthcare environment. This equipment and medication would be tracked with an radio frequency identification tag, which has a battery and can be continuously monitored. (McGrady, Elizabeth. 2012) â€Å"RFID has been in existence for more than 50 years but has lacked applications that provide a positive return on the substantial initial investment. † (McGrady, Elizabeth. 2012) With the continuing advances in technology radio frequency identification has proven to be a cost benefit and is expected to continue to grow in this technology rich era. (McGrady, Elizabeth. 2012) Electronic Medical Records Electronic medical records (EMR) have been around since the 1960’s, the implementation of these records allow for patient data to be stored on a computer system versus being stored away in a cabinet. Having these records allows for easy access to information of patient data to sync up with the patient records. (Thomas, RL. 2011) â€Å"A review paper comparing the time efficiencies of paper-based and computer-based health records used by both nurses and physicians found that overall, the computer improved time efficiencies of nurses by 2-45% while the physicians also saw some improvements but on average increased time was required. † (Probst, Yasmine. 2011) Electronic medical records also allows for integration of mobile technology such as IPADs and other mobile devices to can be used, although this also may present a risk. If a mobile device is lost or stolen the data can possibly be removed from the mobile device and the patient’s information can be stolen, which in this case would be violating HIPAA laws. At my current healthcare organization they only mobile computer stations to avoid this kind of issues. Wireless connectivity can also become an issue with all the wireless technology being used in a health care environment, a lack bandwidth can add to the many challenges. Electronic medical records add great value to healthcare systems for the patients, the healthcare providers, and insurance companies. (Levin, David. 2012) Cost of new technology Cost of new technology is a primary reason why cost of care has increase and will continue to increase every year. The cost of this medical technology is one of the main drivers to the increase cost of healthcare and this is one of the reasons why insurance premiums have become so high. (Goyen, Mathias. 2009) Medical technology has been designed to improve our healthcare system and also improve the health of our patients. Due to the US having the most advanced medical system in the world, this has caused a significant increase of healthcare cost, 20% to be exact in the mid 1990’s. (Barton, P. L. 2009) Medical technology has been identified as the most significant factor increasing the cost of care in a hospital, but also the growing technology of pharmaceuticals is also guilty. (Barton, P. L. 2009) The most use of technology a patient will receive is when a patient’s life is getting towards the end, which at this point the patient may be on Medicare and may be on fixed income. (Barton, P. L. 2009) The United State is in a position where they need to make improvements to our healthcare system by adding financial incentives to improve care while expanding the use of technology to upgrade efficiency and accuracy. (Lack of. 2009) While new medical technology contributes to increase in health care cost, it also helps with development of new treatment, new procedures, clinical advances and much more just to name a few. (Goyen, Mathias. 2009) â€Å"The effect of a particular new technology on healthcare expenditure depends on a variety of factors. † (Goyen, Mathias. 2009) How often will this new medical technology be used and can more patients be treated? The answer to this question and the delivery of this new technology will vary depending on the type of system that is in place. (Goyen, Mathias. 2009) â€Å"It is not possible to directly measure the impact of new medical technology on total healthcare spending. † (Goyen, Mathias. 2009) The cost of technology can be beneficial from my experience depending on what technology they choose to invest in, however the research needs to be done. Risk Rewards Advancing medical technology can come with risk and rewards. â€Å"The mantra that health care is ‘data rich and information poor’ will be truer than ever! † (Thomas, R. L. 2011) At my hospital the current wireless and advance technology system has constant information feeding back to the main patient monitoring system, filtering information can become overwhelming and certain patient alarms may be missed, which is a risk that has been taken, but is being worked on to correct. A reward would be that medical errors would be reduced and there would be an increase to access these medical records, a doctor can easily access them from another part of the country. (Probst, Yasmine. 2011) By the time that some of this equipment finally get put into service in the medical field it is obsolete if not out dated, and if a hospital can’t keep up it will be at a disadvantage with the growing number of competition. Healthcare organizations need to not only focus on technology but they also need to focus on providing excellent care so that they can withstand changing technology. (Pierce, N. 2012) From personal experience a risk would be when patient information is stored on medical equipment that is obsolete or damaged and is being removed from the hospital. Protecting the patient’s information and removing it from this equipment before it leaves the hospital is a priority, some of the equipment has hard drives that need to be removed and destroyed. Understanding what medical technology equipment stores patient information need to be identified, before it becomes a risk. Conclusion The use of technology in healthcare and the delivery of this technology to healthcare present many challenges, technology contributes to improving the quality of healthcare but it does impact healthcare cost, however there are some trade-offs. Some of the current challenges in healthcare are patient privacy and protection when using wireless technology, tracking patients and staff while in the healthcare environment, and transitioning medical records to electronic medical records to help reduce mistakes and improve patient safety. â€Å"Regardless of the industry (health, gaming, retail, etc. ), the consumer will not stay with a product of service long if it does not bring immediate value. † Medical technology privacy and security will always be a major challenge as technology continues to change everyday. (Pierce, N. 2012) Medical technology life cycles in healthcare organizations will continue to be shorten, as new technology comes out, for example tablets and mobile devices are redesigned multiple times per year for consumer use. (Pierce, N. 2012) â€Å"The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, passed in 1996, could not have anticipated the extent to which mobile technology would expand access to information. † (Pierce, N. 2012) Healthcare organizations will have to continue to guide their ever-changing business along with their technology managers as medical technology continues to evolve.